Dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik, y\u00fcksek mukavemetli, m\u00fckemmel korozyon direncine ve ekonomiye sahip bir m\u00fchendislik malzemesidir. Petrokimya, deniz m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, n\u00fckleer enerji, g\u0131da i\u015fleme ve di\u011fer alanlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu blog, uygun paslanmaz \u00e7elik kalitesini daha iyi se\u00e7menize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zelliklerini, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131, uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ve malzeme se\u00e7im y\u00f6ntemini tan\u0131tacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin dikkate de\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fi, mikro yap\u0131da ferrit (\u03b1-Fe) ve \u00f6stenit (\u03b3-Fe) olmak \u00fczere iki kristal yap\u0131n\u0131n bir arada bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r ve bu ikisi genellikle 1:1'e yak\u0131n bir hacim oran\u0131nda bir arada bulunur. Bu dubleks yap\u0131, krom (Cr), nikel (Ni) ve molibden (Mo) gibi elementlerin oran\u0131n\u0131n hassas bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesiyle elde edilir: krom ferrit olu\u015fturan bir elementtir ve nikel \u00f6stenit dengeleyicidir. \u0130kisinin dengesi, iki faz\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n 50:50'ye yak\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Azot ilavesi \u00f6stenit faz\u0131n\u0131 daha da stabilize ederken, mukavemeti ve korozyon direncini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Performans a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ferrit faz\u0131 malzemeye y\u00fcksek mukavemet ve klor\u00fcr stres korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 verirken, \u00f6stenit faz\u0131 tokluk ve asit direnci sa\u011flar. Bu sinerjik etki, dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin mukavemet, korozyon direnci ve tokluk aras\u0131nda en iyi dengeyi elde etmesini sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s\u0131radan \u00f6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik (304 gibi) klor\u00fcr iyonu ortamlar\u0131nda gerilme korozyonu \u00e7atlamas\u0131na yatk\u0131nken, y\u00fcksek kromlu ferritik \u00e7elik daha k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r. Dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik, her iki malzeme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de eksikliklerinin \u00fcstesinden gelir. Test verileri, dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 400-550 MPa'ya ula\u015fabildi\u011fini, bunun da 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin (yakla\u015f\u0131k 205 MPa) iki kat\u0131ndan fazla oldu\u011funu, uzaman\u0131n ise 25%-40%'de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun da y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikten \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
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Korozyon direnci a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7ukurla\u015fma direnci e\u015fde\u011feri (PREN) form\u00fclle hesaplanabilir:<\/p>\n
PREN= %Cr + 3,3 \u00d7%Mo + 16 \u00d7%N<\/p>\n
Take 2205 grade as an example, Cr 22%, Mo 3%, N 0.15%, its PREN value reaches 33-34, which is much higher than 304 stainless steel (PREN\u224818) and 316 stainless steel (PREN\u224824). More importantly, duplex stainless steel shows strong resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) – in a seawater environment containing chloride ions, ordinary austenitic stainless steel may crack within a few months, while duplex stainless steel can be used safely for decades.<\/p>\n
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\u015eu anda, dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik esas olarak d\u00f6rt nesle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her neslin \u00f6zellikleri ve tipik kaliteleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n
Birinci nesil temsili kalite 2205 (S31803) Cr 22%, Ni 5%, Mo 3% ve N 0.15% i\u00e7erir. Klasik form\u00fcl korozyon direnci ve mukavemeti dengeler ve kimyasal ekipmanlarda ve deniz suyu boru hatlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kinci nesil s\u00fcper dubleks \u00e7elik 2507 (S32750) Cr 25%, Ni 6%, Mo 3.5% ve N 0.25% i\u00e7erir. PREN de\u011feri \u226540't\u0131r ve korozyon direnci daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. A\u00e7\u0131k deniz platformlar\u0131 ve LNG ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil 2507Cu, \u00e7atlak korozyon direncini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 2507'ye Cu elementleri ekler. Y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu hidroklorik asit ve ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m\u0131 end\u00fcstrileri i\u00e7in uygundur. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil ekonomik s\u0131n\u0131f LDX 2101 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nikel (1,5%), y\u00fcksek manganez (5,5%), Cr 21%, Mo 0,3% ve 26-28 PREN de\u011feri i\u00e7erir. \u0130n\u015faat ve \u00e7evre koruma ekipmanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Kilit nokta \u015fudur: birinci ve ikinci nesiller ana ak\u0131m uygulama kaliteleridir. \u0130kinci nesil krom, molibden ve nitrojen i\u00e7eri\u011fini art\u0131rarak korozyon direncini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirir; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil belirli korozif ortamlar (y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu hidroklorik asit gibi) i\u00e7in optimize edilmi\u015ftir; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil nikel i\u00e7eri\u011fini azaltarak maliyet kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
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Petrol ve gaz end\u00fcstrisi, dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin ana uygulama alan\u0131d\u0131r. Derin deniz petrol \u00fcretim platformu manifold sistemi, deniz suyu korozyonuna (PREN\u226540) ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca (\u2265600 MPa) dayanmak i\u00e7in dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik (2507 gibi) kullan\u0131r; LNG depolama tank\u0131n\u0131n kaplamas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k toklu\u011fu (-50 \u2103) ve hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr stres korozyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 dikkate al\u0131narak 2205 veya 2507 kullan\u0131r. Kimya ve enerji alanlar\u0131nda, \u0131slak k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme cihazlar\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer enerji so\u011futucu boru hatlar\u0131, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit, fosforik asit orta korozyonu ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u00fclf\u00fcr stres korozyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 2205 veya 2507 kullan\u0131r. \u0130n\u015faat ve \u00e7evre koruma alanlar\u0131nda, LDX 2101 k\u00f6pr\u00fc korkuluklar\u0131 ve kanalizasyon ar\u0131tma ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nikel maliyeti (1.5%) ve atmosferik \/ kanalizasyon korozyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 iyi direnci ile bak\u0131m maliyetlerini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Malzeme se\u00e7imi korozif ortam (deniz suyu, asit, klor\u00fcr iyonu konsantrasyonu gibi), mekanik \u00f6zellikler (bas\u0131n\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131ma, darbe direnci), maliyet (nikel i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve malzeme kullan\u0131m\u0131) ve i\u015fleme ve kaynak gereksinimlerine odaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, deniz suyu ortam\u0131nda PREN \u2265 40 olan 2507 tercih edilir; kimyasal ekipman\u0131n ortam konsantrasyonuna g\u00f6re 2205 veya 2507 se\u00e7mesi gerekir; ve ekonomik LDX 2101 bina korkuluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Tipik sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: gevrekle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kaynak s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131 giri\u015fini kontrol etmek (uygun kaynak teli ve \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 \u00e7ok pasolu kaynak i\u015flemi kullanarak); \u00e7ukurla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in y\u00fczey i\u015flemi (Ra \u2264 0.8\u03bcm) ve yap\u0131sal tasar\u0131m (bo\u015fluklardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak).<\/p>\n
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Dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi ergitme ile ba\u015flar. Hammaddeler bir elektrik ark oca\u011f\u0131nda (EAF) eritilir ve daha sonra dekarb\u00fcrizasyon i\u00e7in bir argon oksijen dekarb\u00fcrizasyon (AOD) f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131na aktar\u0131l\u0131r ve karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u22640.03%'de kontrol edilir (s\u00fcper dubleks \u00e7elik \u22640.02% gerektirir). Vakum oksijen dekarb\u00fcrizasyonu (VOD) safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 daha da azalt\u0131r ve levhalar halinde s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcmden sonra, s\u0131cak haddeleme (1050-1150 \u2103) ve so\u011fuk haddeleme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve son olarak dubleks dengesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tavlama (1020-1100 \u2103 su verme) yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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_______________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n
Daxun Ala\u015f\u0131m Co, Ltd.<\/strong> standart \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve kat\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fterilere plakalar, rulolar, borular ve \u00e7ubuklar vb. dahil olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcksek kaliteli dubleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik sa\u011flar. Projeniz bunu gerektiriyorsa, en iyi teklifi almak i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen hemen bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Duplex stainless steel is an engineering material with high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and economy. It is widely used in petrochemical, marine engineering, nuclear power, food processing and other fields. This blog will introduce the definition, characteristics, classification, application and material selection method of duplex stainless steel to help you […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n