{"id":15193,"date":"2024-07-06T03:26:56","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T03:26:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daxuns.com\/?p=15193"},"modified":"2025-04-24T14:43:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T06:43:08","slug":"detailed-introduction-to-types-and-types-of-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daxuns.com\/ru\/detailed-introduction-to-types-and-types-of-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"
Stainless steel is an iron-based alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium. Chromium forms a protective chromium oxide layer on the surface, preventing rust from penetrating the iron.Stainless steel can be classified into\u00a0duplex structure classes<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0single heat-treatment classes<\/strong>, which fall under the same general category for most types. The numbering system divides stainless steel into five categories: martensitic, austenitic, ferritic, duplex, and precipitation-hardening<\/strong>.In this article, we will examine the different types of stainless steel.<\/p>\n Martensitic stainless steels are a class of stainless steel whose properties can be adjusted through heat treatment (quenching, tempering). These steels primarily consist of iron and carbon (up to ~2 wt.%), with chromium content ranging from 10.5% to 18% and carbon content not exceeding 1.2%.<\/p>\n For\u00a0Grade 403<\/strong>, no additional parameters are specified\u2014it is a basic martensitic stainless steel. Other martensitic steels (e.g., 403, 410, and the 400 series) are considered hardenable.<\/p>\n Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n Jet engines<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Gas turbines<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Valve components<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Cutlery<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Petrochemical equipment<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Key Mechanical Properties:<\/strong><\/p>\n Moderate work-hardening rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Heat-treatable<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Good ductility and toughness<\/p>\n<\/li>\n High tensile strength<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Good creep and fatigue resistance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Magnetic<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n The most common type of chromium alloy, austenitic stainless steel has a\u00a0face-centered cubic (FCC)<\/strong>\u00a0crystal structure, similar to high-temperature iron. The primary alloying elements are\u00a0chromium-nickel (Cr-Ni)<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0chromium-manganese-nitrogen (Cr-Mn-N)<\/strong>, categorized by application.<\/p>\n Composition:<\/strong><\/p>\n 16\u201326% chromium<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u22640.15% carbon<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Up to 35% nickel (for cold-working and strain hardening)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Manganese (\u22641\/7 Mn per standards)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Silicon (0.75\u20133% for high-temperature strengthening)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Additional elements (e.g., sulfur, nitrogen, molybdenum, selenium, copper)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Magnetic austenitic grades<\/strong>: 201, 202, 205. Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n Appliances<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Screws and undercut components<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Chemical mixing tanks<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Pressure vessels<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Mechanical Properties:<\/strong><\/p>\n Excellent work-hardening rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Superior ductility and toughness<\/p>\n<\/li>\n High tensile strength<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Good creep and fatigue resistance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Scale resistance (up to 650\u00b0C)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Moderate heat resistance (\u2264650\u00b0C)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Excellent weldability<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Ferritic stainless steel has a\u00a0body-centered cubic (BCC)<\/strong>\u00a0structure, with 10.5\u201330% chromium and \u22640.2% carbon. Common alloying elements include molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and niobium.<\/p>\n Basic grade<\/strong>: 430. Automotive interiors<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Mechanical Properties:<\/strong><\/p>\n Low work-hardening rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Moderate ductility and toughness<\/p>\n<\/li>\n High tensile strength<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Good creep\/fatigue resistance at low temperatures<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Moderate corrosion resistance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Good heat resistance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Poor weldability<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Magnetic<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Duplex stainless steel combines\u00a0ferritic (BCC)<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0austenitic (FCC)<\/strong>\u00a0structures. It offers corrosion resistance comparable to\u00a0Grade 316 austenitic steel<\/strong>\u00a0but with higher tensile strength and improved stress-corrosion cracking resistance.<\/p>\n Composition:<\/strong><\/p>\n 22\u201326% chromium<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 4\u20137% nickel<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u22640.6% copper<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 0.15\u20130.25% nitrogen<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Categories:<\/strong><\/p>\n Lean duplex (2304)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Standard duplex (2205)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Super duplex (2507)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hyper duplex (Zeron 100)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n Oil & gas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Chloride water treatment<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Seawater desalination<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Mechanical Properties:<\/strong><\/p>\n High work-hardening rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Non-heat-treatable<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Good ductility\/toughness<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Moderate weldability<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Composition<\/strong>: Cr-Mn-N alloy (16\u201318% Cr, 3.5\u20135.5% Ni).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: Food handling, architectural components.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Properties<\/strong>: Non-magnetic (annealed), cold-work hardenable.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Composition<\/strong>: 25% Cr, 7% Ni, 4% Mo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: Desalination plants, chemical processing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 304<\/strong>: General-purpose (18% Cr, 8% Ni).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 304L<\/strong>: Low-carbon variant for welding.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 304H<\/strong>: High-temperature stability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Molybdenum-enhanced<\/strong>\u00a0for corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: Marine, chemical processing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Cost-effective<\/strong>, moderate corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: Automotive exhausts, heat exchangers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n This article detailed stainless steel types, grades, and properties. For further inquiries, contact\u00a0DAXUN<\/strong>\u00a0for manufacturing services or a free quote.<\/p>\n \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>: The content is for informational purposes only. DAXUN does not guarantee accuracy. Specifications depend on supplier compliance. Refer to our Terms & Conditions for details.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Stainless steel is an iron-based alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium. Chromium forms a protective chromium oxide layer on the surface, preventing rust from penetrating the iron.Stainless steel can be classified into\u00a0duplex structure classes\u00a0and\u00a0single heat-treatment classes, which fall under the same general category for most types. The numbering system divides […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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\nNon-magnetic grades<\/strong>: 304 (industrial standard, \u22658% nickel).<\/p>\n\n
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\n\u0424\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\nEnhanced grades<\/strong>: 434 (standard), 409 (titanium-stabilized), 439, 444 (super ferritic).<\/p>\n\n
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\nDuplex Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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\nOther Notable Grades<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
201 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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2507 (Super Duplex)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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304\/304L\/304H<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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316\/316L<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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430 (Ferritic)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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